Assessment of Post-Menopausal Bleeding Cases by Histopathology

Abstract

Background: Post-menopausal bleeding (PMB) is a major and serious alarming genital pathology among post menopausal women. Histopathological evaluations of all PMB cases are necessary for the diagnosis of malignant endometrial lesions. Aim: This study evaluates the Histopathological finding of postmenopausal bleeding cases to rule out benign and malignant endometrial lesions. Method: In this cross sectional observational study 100 post-menopausal women with bleeding per vaginum attending outpatient department of our hospital were enrolled and analysed. The samples included were cervical biopsies and endometrial curettings. Every specimen is prepared for histological analysis and Pap smear cytology. Histopathological results were used to make the final diagnosis of the lesions. Results: The majority of PMB cases (38%) were in the 45–50 years age range, with a mean age of 54.6 years. The most often obtained biopsy (42%), however, were cervical biopsies. The grand multiparous patients (parity 4-6) had the highest incidence (50%) of PMB. Malignant cases made up 40%, whereas benign instances made up 52%. Atrophic endometrium was the most frequent cause of benign cases (36%), while endometrial hyperplasia was the most frequent cause of malignant cases (12%). Conclusion: Atrophic Endometrium and endometrial hyperplasia were found to be a major cause of postmenopausal bleeding. Proper and timely evaluation of PMB by histopathological examination is crucial to rule out malignant endometrial lesions which save the patient’s life.