,QÀDPPDWLRQDQGGLDEHWLFUHWLQDOPLFURYDVFXODUFRPSOLFDWLRQV Wenbo Zhang1,2,3, Hua Liu1,2, Mohamed Al-Shabrawey2,4, Robert W. Caldwell3 , Ruth B. Caldwell1,2,5,6,7 1 Vascular Biology Center, 2 Vision Discovery Institute and the 3 Departments of Pharmacolo

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and is a leading cause of countries. Approximately 25% of type 1 diabetic patients may have signs of retinopathy after 5 years of diabetes, increasing to 60% after 10 years. Eventually, after 25 
retinopathy.