STUDY TO ASSESS THE PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE AMONG TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ATTENDING AT YENEPOYA MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL

Abstract

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) has become a major global health challenge, with Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) being a significant macrovascular complication. PAD is
characterized by the occlusion of peripheral arteries and is a marker for atherothrombotic
disease. The prevalence of PAD among diabetic patients is concerning due to its association
with increased risk of amputation and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of
PAD in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and examine the correlation between the Ankle
Brachial Index (ABI) and the duration of diabetes. Materials and Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted at Yenepoya Medical College from December 26, 2018, to
December 26, 2019, involving 162 type 2 DM patients. Participants were selected based on
specific inclusion criteria, and written informed consent was obtained. Excluded were
smokers, individuals with lower limb filariasis, or deep vein thrombosis. ABI was measured
using a handheld Doppler in a supine position after 10 minutes of rest. Statistical analysis was
performed using SPSS v23.0. Results: The study population had an average age of 56.35
years, with 63.6% males and 36.4% females. PAD was present in 20.4% (33 out of 162) of
participants. A significant negative correlation was found between ABI and the duration of
diabetes (R = -0.59, p = 0.00). Most patients were on oral hypoglycemic agents (79.6%), with
only 21.6% achieving controlled blood sugar levels. Hypertension was present in 58% of the
participants. Albuminuria and retinopathy were found in 26.5% and 29% of patients,
respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of PAD among type 2 DM patients was 20.4%,
with a significant correlation between ABI and diabetes duration. Early detection and
management of PAD are crucial in improving outcomes for diabetic patients.