A cross-sectional cariogram-based comparison of caries risk profile in children with various levels of intellectual disability

Abstract

Background
Dental caries is a prevalent condition that can significantly affect the quality of life, particularly in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). Understanding the caries risk profile in these children is essential for developing targeted preventive strategies. This study aims to compare the caries risk profile in children with varying levels of intellectual disability using the Cariogram model.
Materials and Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 children aged 6 to 12 years with different levels of intellectual disability. The participants were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe intellectual disability, with 50 children in each group. The Cariogram model was used to assess caries risk by evaluating factors such as diet, plaque levels, fluoride exposure, saliva secretion, and clinical conditions. Data were collected through clinical examinations and caregiver questionnaires, and analyzed using ANOVA and Chi-square tests to identify differences in caries risk profiles among the groups.
Results
The study found that children with severe intellectual disability had the highest caries risk profile, with a mean Cariogram score of 75% (±10). In comparison, children with moderate and mild intellectual disabilities had mean scores of 65% (±12) and 55% (±15), respectively. Significant differences were observed in dietary habits and plaque levels among the groups (p < 0.05). The fluoride exposure was similar across all groups, indicating the influence of other factors on the caries risk profile.
Conclusion
The study highlights the increased risk of dental caries in children with severe intellectual disabilities compared to those with moderate and mild disabilities. Targeted preventive measures focusing on dietary management and oral hygiene practices are crucial for reducing caries risk in these populations. The Cariogram model proved to be an effective tool for assessing and comparing caries risk profiles, facilitating the development of personalized preventive strategies.