Comparison of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane in Cardiac Surgery: A comparative trial

Abstract

Background
Cardiac surgery often requires the use of inhalational anesthetics to maintain anesthesia.
Isoflurane and sevoflurane are commonly used due to their cardioprotective properties.
However, differences in hemodynamic stability, recovery profile, and myocardial protection
between these two agents remain a subject of interest. This study aims to compare the effects
of isoflurane and sevoflurane in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, focusing on hemodynamic parameters, recovery time, and postoperative complications.
Materials and Methods
A total of 100 patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomized into two groups:
Group I (n=50) received isoflurane, and Group S (n=50) received sevoflurane as the primary
anesthetic agent. Hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, mean arterial pressure), time to
extubation, and incidence of postoperative complications (e.g., myocardial infarction,
arrhythmias) were recorded. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests, with a
significance level set at p<0.05.
Results
Group S (sevoflurane) exhibited significantly more stable hemodynamic parameters compared
to Group I (isoflurane), with an average mean arterial pressure of 75 mmHg versus 70 mmHg
in Group I (p=0.03). The time to extubation was shorter in Group S (8.5 ± 2.1 hours) compared
to Group I (10.2 ± 2.5 hours) (p=0.01). Additionally, the incidence of postoperative myocardial
infarction was lower in Group S (4%) compared to Group I (10%) (p=0.04). No significant
differences were observed in the occurrence of arrhythmias between the two groups.