PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF ASTHMA IN URBAN VERSUS RURAL PEDIATRIC POPULATIONS

Abstract

Background: Asthma is a common chronic condition in children, with varying prevalence
and impact based on environmental and socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to compare
the prevalence and correlates of asthma between urban and rural pediatric populations, and
assess its impact on quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted
involving 240 children (120 urban and 120 rural) aged 5-12 years. Asthma prevalence and
associated factors were assessed through surveys and medical records. Data on environmental
exposures, socioeconomic factors, and quality of life impacts were collected and analyzed.
Results: The prevalence of asthma was significantly higher in urban children (40%)
compared to rural children (25%), with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2 - 2.9, p =
0.004). Urban children were more likely to be exposed to indoor allergens, outdoor pollution,
and tobacco smoke. These factors were strongly associated with increased asthma prevalence.
Additionally, urban children experienced a greater impact on quality of life, including more
missed school days, frequent medical visits, and higher medication usage. Conclusion: The
study highlights significant differences in asthma prevalence and correlates between urban
and rural pediatric populations. Urban environments pose higher risks due to increased
exposure to environmental pollutants and allergens. Targeted public health interventions are
needed to address these environmental factors and improve asthma management in urban
settings.