A Comparative Analysis of the Morbidity Profile Among the Elderly Population Residing in Urban and Rural Area

Abstract

Background: A comparative analysis of the morbidity profile among the elderly population
residing in urban and rural areas. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of
200 geriatric participants, all aged 60 years and above. The participants were equally divided
between urban and rural areas, with 100 individuals selected from each setting. Stratified
random sampling was employed to ensure that the sample was representative of the larger
population within each area. Before participating in the study, all participants were thoroughly
informed about the study's objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Only after
understanding this information did, they provide their written consent, ensuring that their
participation was voluntary and fully informed. The privacy of participants was a top priority
throughout the study, with strict measures taken to protect their confidentiality. Results:
Anemia was reported by 25% of urban and 30% of rural participants, with a p-value of 0.45,
again showing no significant difference between the two groups. Cataracts were slightly more
common in rural participants (40%) compared to urban participants (35%), but the difference
was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.52). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was reported
by 10% of urban and 15% of rural participants, with a p-value of 0.26, indicating a nonsignificant trend towards a higher prevalence in rural areas. Diabetes mellitus (DM) showed a
slightly higher prevalence in urban participants (45%) compared to rural participants (40%),
but this difference was not statistically significant (p-value = 0.54). Hypertension (HTN) was
the most prevalent condition in both groups, affecting 50% of urban and 55% of rural
participants, with a p-value of 0.57, indicating no significant difference between the groups.
The prevalence of arthritis was 30% in urban participants and 35% in rural participants, with a
p-value of 0.48, indicating no significant difference. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) was reported by 20% of urban and 25% of rural participants, with a p-value of 0.37,
also showing no significant difference. Memory impairment was reported by 15% of urban and
20% of rural participants, with a p-value of 0.32, indicating no significant difference. Chronic
pain was experienced by 40% of urban and 45% of rural participants, with a p-value of 0.52,
showing no significant difference. Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight significant
health disparities between urban and rural populations, with rural residents facing greater
challenges related to socio-economic status, access to healthcare, and the prevalence of certain morbidities.