Ultrasonography in diagnosing abdominal trauma

Abstract

Ultrasonography (USG) has become an essential tool in the diagnosis and management of abdominal trauma, offering a non-invasive, rapid, and efficient method for assessing internal injuries. Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) is commonly used in emergency settings to detect free fluid, which may indicate organ damage or hemorrhage. Its advantages include portability, repeatability, and the absence of ionizing radiation, making it suitable for all patient demographics, including pregnant women and children. USG is particularly useful for identifying injuries to solid organs like the liver, spleen, and kidneys. However, limitations such as operator dependency and difficulty in assessing hollow organs or deep retroperitoneal structures exist. While not a standalone diagnostic tool, USG plays a pivotal role in the initial evaluation of trauma patients, often guiding the need for further imaging or surgical intervention.