The role of glycemic control in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients at a tertiary center in coastal Andhra Pradesh

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. This study evaluate glycemic control's impact on CVD prevention, determine CVD prevalence, assess glycemic control effectiveness in reducing cardiovascular events, and identify region-specific factors influencing these outcomes.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 100 diabetic patients at Department of General Medicine, GITAM Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, a tertiary care center located in coastal Andhra Pradesh. Data was collected on demographics, clinical parameters, and laboratory tests. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression.
Results: The mean age was 60.09 years (SD = 10.13), with a mean diabetes duration of 9.14 years (SD = 4.68). Gender distribution was 41% male and 59% female; 44% were rural, and 56% urban. The mean BMI was 24.66 (SD = 3.79). Systolic BP averaged 128.04 mmHg (SD = 15.56), diastolic BP 78.60 mmHg (SD = 10.70). Mean HbA1c was 7.09% (SD = 1.52), fasting glucose 142.46 mg/dL (SD = 31.20). Abnormal ECGs were found in 48%, and abnormal echocardiograms in 55%.
Conclusion: Comprehensive diabetes management, including glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control, is crucial to preventing CVD. The high prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities highlights the need for regular screening and tailored interventions. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and region-specific factors