CUTTING-EDGE RESEARCH IN SURGICAL SPECIALTIES: ADVANCING ENDOCRINE, GENERAL, GYNECOLOGICAL, HAND, NEURO, HEAD AND NECK, BARIATRIC, ORTHOPEDIC, AND OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SURGERY

Abstract

This paper analyzes the recent research and developments in the field of surgery with the focus on
Endocrine Surgery, Hand Surgery, Neurosurgery, Head and Neck Surgery, Bariatric Surgery,
Orthopedic Surgery, Ophthalmological Surgery, and General Surgery. For every branch, the essence
is to pinpoint and provide an explanation of the most significant innovations, methods and their
consequence to the patient's condition. Endocrine Surgery deals with minimally invasive surgery
and molecular diagnostics, whereas Hand Surgery addresses nerve reconstruction and tissue
engineering. Neurosurgery presents image-guided techniques and neuromodulation therapies; on the
contrary, Head and Neck Surgery explores organ preservation strategies and immunotherapy
approaches. The Bariatric Surgery chapter is about metabolic effects and revisional surgery
techniques, whereas the Orthopedic Surgery chapter is dedicated to patient-specific implants and
biologics. Ophthalmological Surgery presents femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, MIGS
procedures, and corneal transplant technology in focus. General Surgery covers ERSAS protocols,
modern imaging modalities, and non-invasive treatment programs. The conclusion part of this
speech illustrates the next research directions as well as underlines the significance of surgical
development for achievement of the best outcomes and quality of life.