DETECTION OF OCHRATOXIN IN EXCLUSIVELY BREAST FED INFANTS AND THEIR MOTHERS AND ITS EFFECT ON THEM USING URINARY NGAL

Abstract

Background:Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important mycotoxins with nephrotoxic,
carcinogenic, teratogenic, genotoxic, and immunotoxic properties. Thus, we carried out this study to
determine the concentration of ochratoxin A in human breast milkin different countries. Thisstudy
aimed to detect the presence of OTA in both mother's milk and infant's serausingOTA then evaluating
its effect on the renal function of infants using urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
(NGAL). Patients and methods: A cross sectional study includedfourty eight healthy breast-lactating
mothers and their infants who were exclusively breast-fed for at least 4 months were included. All of
them were subjected to a thorough laboratory evaluation including determination of OTA and NGAL
concentration byEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).According to standards’
concentration and the corresponding absorbance, we calculated out the standard curve linear regression
equation.Results:Urine NGAL was distributed as 169.71±124.33 with minimum 20 and maximum 411
and high NGAL and affected baby were 25%.Urine NGAL was significantly positive correlated with
baby serum Ochratoxins. Urine NGAL was significantly positive correlated with mother milk
Ochratoxins level. Urine NGAL was significantly positive correlated withmother serumOchratoxins
level. About 31.3% of serum Ochratoxins in mothers were high and the same percentage in milk and in
babies 25.0% were high regarding cutoff.Significant AUC and cutoff as >15.5, >2.24 and >12.7
respectively among mothers S Ochratoxins, Milk Ochratoxins and S Ochratoxins baby with sensitivity
78.0%, 75.0% and 76.5% respectively and specificity 74.0%, 73.3% and 82.0% respectively.
Conclusion: Concentration of NGAL in infants may aid in early detection of renal impairment. Despite
advances in diagnostics and treatment, renal impairment is still a major medical problem with high
mortality. Therefore, novel biomarkers for early detection of renal affection should be used.