Comparative Evaluation of Caudal Block Administration of Ropivacaine, Levobupivacaine, and Bupivacaine in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgery: An Original Research

Abstract

Objective:
To compare the efficacy and safety of ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, and bupivacaine 
administered via caudal block in pediatric patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries.
Methods:
Prospective, randomized controlled trial involving 75 pediatric patients allocated to one of 
three groups: ropivacaine (n=25), levobupivacaine (n=25), or bupivacaine (n=25). Caudal 
blocks were performed using equipotent doses of each drug. Primary outcome was duration 
of postoperative analgesia. Secondary outcomes included pain scores, adverse events, time to 
first analgesic request, and patient satisfaction.