Impact of pre-operative skin preparation methods like antiseptic solutions vs. antibiotic prophylaxis on reducing the incidence of surgical site infections

Abstract

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a significant concern in surgical practice, contributing to adverse patient outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Pre-operative skin preparation methods, including antiseptic solutions and antibiotic prophylaxis, are pivotal in reducing SSIs. However, the comparative effectiveness of these approaches remains unclear. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 500 consecutive patients undergoing elective surgeries. Demographic data, medical history, and details of the surgical procedure were collected prospectively. Patients were divided into groups based on the pre-operative skin
preparation method used. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSIs within 30 days postsurgery. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests, multivariable logistic regression, and subgroup analysis by surgical specialty. Results: Among the 500 patients, 250 received antiseptic solutions and 250 received antibiotic prophylaxis for pre-operative skin preparation. Overall, 50 patients developed SSIs, with no significant difference between the groups (10% in both). Subgroup analysis by surgical specialty showed varying SSI rates, with orthopedic surgery having the highest incidence. However, the type of pre-operative skin preparation did not significantly affect SSIs within each specialty subgroup. Conclusion: Both antiseptic solutions and antibiotic prophylaxis demonstrate similar efficacy in reducing SSIs. Future research should focus on addressing limitations and exploring additional factors influencing SSIs to optimize surgical care practices and improve patient outcomes.