A Comprehensive Analysis of Resistive Index and Biochemical Parameters in Type-II Diabetes-Induced Nephropathy

Abstract

Introduction: Among diabetic patients, diabetic nephropathy emerges as the most frequent microvascular complication, affecting approximately 30% of individuals with diabetes. Microalbuminuria is recognized as a risk factor for the progression to macroalbuminuria and overt nephropathy in the later stages of the disease. The resistive index (RI) has been identified
as a non-invasive diagnostic measure, robustly indicating the outcome of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 67 patients, including individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients with chronic kidney disease secondary to other causes were excluded from the study. Relevant biochemical investigations were obtained, and renal artery RI was recorded using USG. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program, considering a p-value <0.05 as statistically significant.

Results: In patients with diabetes mellitus, the mean RI was significantly higher in those with albuminuria compared to those without albuminuria. RI demonstrated significant associations with the duration of the disease and serum creatinine (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: The development of small vessel abnormalities in the kidneys is multifactorial in type 2 diabetes, reflecting vascular damage. The consequential elevation of renal RI serves as an indirect marker for diagnosing the severity of renal disease in diabetic patients.