A Case-Control Study To Evaluate Waist To Hip Ratio And Body Mass Index In Type 2 Diabetics As Compared To Non-Diabetic Population

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a collection of common metabolic disorder mainly considered by hyperglycemia which results commencing from defective insulin secretion or insulin action or together.It is a diverse group of diseases with different group of etiology such as social, environmental and genetic factors which acting concurrently or mutually.Obesity and particularly abdominal obesity are strongly associated with insulin resistance. The etiology of diabetes is attributed to environmental and genetic factors. The modifiable risk factors like abdominal obesity and physical inactivity are major contributors to the disease. Rapid lifestyle changes, other non communicable diseases like hypertension, dyslipidemia are also major etiologic factors for the rising incidence of type 2 diabetes around the globe. Materials And Method- In this case control study 80 diabetic and 80 non-diabetic patients attending at General Medicine department fulfilling the eligibility criteria were selected. Written consent was obtained from the participants. Participants were interviewed and details were entered in the structured proforma. Anthropometric details were weight, height, BMI, waist
circumference, WHR were recorded. Blood samples were collected for BSL fasting and postprandial, HBA1c and lipid profile.
Results- Mean BMI of DM group was 33.43±2.32 and that of NDM was 22.34±1.71. When we compared the mean BMI between two groups, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). It means diabetic patients had higher BMI as compared to nondiabetics.Mean waist hip ratio of DM group was 0.95±0.09 and that of NDM was 0.9±0.08. When we compared the mean hip ratio
between two groups, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). It means diabetic patients had higher waist hip ratio as
compared to non-diabetics. Mean TG of DM group was 218.15±53.10 and that of NDM was 143.64±69.20. When we compared the mean TG between two groups, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). It means diabetic patients had higher TG as compared to non- diabetics. 76.3% of diabetics have abnormal WHR as against 63.8% having BMI>27.5 (p<0.05). Conclusion-The present study concludes that Body mass index, waist circumference and waist hip ratio all were higher in diabetic participants in comparison to non-diabetic participants. WHR shows a better predictor and comparatively more sensitive parameter in DM individuals for cardiometabolic risk as compared to BMI in our study. This explains why BMI may underestimate the cardiometabolic risk which may be best evaluated by WHR. Further longitudinal study should be designed in high-risk groups that would aid in better understanding the relationship of anthropometric parameters with type 2 diabetes mellitus.