Diagnostic role of HMWCK in differentiation of Prostatic malignancy from its benign lesions

Abstract

Background: Globally, prostate cancer ranks second in terms of frequency of diagnosis and is the sixth most common cause of cancer-related mortality in men. Markers such as HMWCK help to differentiate the malignant prostate cancer form the benign lesions. Hence,
present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic role of HMWCK in the differentiation of prostatic malignancy from its benign mimickers. Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 40 cases for period of 2years from Nov 2016 to May 2018 at department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College, Bengaluru. It included the include 40 prostate biopsies/transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) specimens/prostatectomies received from the Department of Urology, Bangalore Medical College. The staining for light microscopy done with routine H&E to arrive at diagnosis. The HMWCK cellular localisation, as basal cells of prostatic glands, urothelium, positive control is of prostate cancer. All the patient’s data were analysed using SPSS 21.0 operating on windows 10 and data are represented using tables, figures and histopathological diagrams. Result: A total of 40 prostate samples included in present study. Twenty-four (60%) were TURP and sixteen (40%) were core biopsy specimens. The cases were distributed in the age group of 40–95 years. The majority of cases were in the age group of 70-80yrs. Immunohistochemistry was done using HMWCK markers in the cases of BPH, Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and carcinoma. The HMWCK showed a significant sensitivity, specificity, NPV and PPV to diagnose the malignant tumor from pre-malignant and benign lesions of prostate.
Conclusion: HMWCK is a reliable marker with consistently positive in normal benign prostate gland or epithelial cells. Hence it is recommended for use of the IHC marker to support the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma.