Correlation of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and metabolic parameters in adolescent PCOS

Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in adolescents, characterized by hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) has been postulated as a potential biomarker in PCOS, but its correlation with metabolic and hormonal profiles in adolescents remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of AMH with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and metabolic parameters in adolescents diagnosed with PCOS. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 100 adolescent females (50 with PCOS and 50 healthy controls), aged 12-19 years, at a tertiary care center. Clinical assessments, blood tests (including AMH, testosterone, fasting glucose, and insulin levels), and ultrasound evaluations were performed. Statistical analyses included independent t-tests, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression analysis.
Results: The PCOS group exhibited significantly higher AMH (9.2 ± 4.1 ng/mL) and testosterone levels (55 ± 18 ng/dL) compared to controls (AMH: 4.5 ± 2.3 ng/mL, Testosterone: 35 ± 12 ng/dL, p < 0.001). Additionally, the PCOS group showed increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR: 3.6 ± 1.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.8, p < 0.001) and altered lipid profiles (total cholesterol: 190 ± 30 mg/dL, HDL: 45 ± 8 mg/dL). Significant correlations were found between AMH levels and testosterone (r = 0.62, p < 0.001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.47, p < 0.001), and BMI (r = 0.35, p = 0.01). Multiple regression analysis identified BMI, fasting insulin, and testosterone as significant predictors of AMH levels.
Conclusion: AMH levels are significantly elevated in adolescents with PCOS and correlate with hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and metabolic disturbances. These findings highlight the potential of AMH as a biomarker in adolescent PCOS, aiding in early diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to explore the therapeutic implications of targeting AMH in PCOS treatment strategies.