Clinical study of maternal risk factors and the perinatal outcome in meconium stained amniotic fluid

Abstract

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome is one of the dreadful complications of prolonged labor, fetal hypoxia due to any cause and prematurity. Once the meconium is aspirated by fetus it may cause severe meconium pneumonitis, respiratory distress, acidosis
and ultimately respiratory failure. Extensive neonatal care, surfactant therapy and ventilatory management is required for babies developing respiratory distress secondary to meconium aspiration and despite extensive medical care MAS may prove fatal in many cases. Aim & Objective: 1 Clinical study of maternal risk factors and the perinatal outcome in meconium stained amniotic fluid.2. To study the mode of delivery in a labour complicated by meconium stained amniotic fluid. Methods: Study design: Prospective Study. Study setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National institute of medical science and research, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Study duration: From October 2022 to October 2023. Study population: All meconium stained amniotic fluid patients admitted in our institute during study period included in the study. Sample size: 100 Results: majority of study participants were from 31-35 years
age group e.g. 40 followed by 26-30,21-25,18-20 and >35 found 28,19,9 and 4 respectively.Most of the study subjects were Primipara contributing 60 (60%) and 40 (40%) were Multipara. majority of study participants were from > 40 weeks of gestational age contributing 60 (60%) followed by 37-40 weeks 30 (30%) and < 37 weeks 10 (10%) respectively. majority of cases found with moderate thick MSAF 57 (57%) followed by thin MSAF 27 (27%) and thick MSAF found in 21 cases (21%). majority of cases presented with post maturity 60 (60%) followed by PIH 37 (37%), prolonged labour 33 (33%), Anemia 29 (29%), Multiple risk factors 25 (25%), IUGR 17 (17%) and 10 cases found with Oligohydrmnios 10 (10%). majority of cases delivered through LSCS 55 followed by AD 27 and NVD 18. majority of cases with normal birth weight 80 (80%) 20 cases with low birth weight. majority of cases discharged 91 followed by 7 cases DAMA and 2 cases death during treatment. Conclusion: Majority of the cases were Primipara, Most common maternal risk factor was post maturity, Maximum of cases delivered through LSCS, Perinatal Mortality was 2%.