Study Risk Factor of preterm labor and Association of risk factor with preterm labor in tertiary care center. A prospective cross sectional study

Abstract

Background: Preterm is defined as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. There are sub-categories of preterm birth, based on gestational age. extremely preterm (less than 28 weeks), very preterm (28 to 32 weeks), moderate to late preterm (32 to 37 weeks).There are several risk factors for preterm labor and premature birth, including ones that researchers have not yet identified. Some of these risk factors are "modifiable," meaning they can be changed to help reduce the risk. Other factors cannot be changed. Aim & Objective: 1.To Study risk factor of preterm labor.2.To study association of risk factor with pre term labor.3.Incidence of pre term labor.4.Outcome of pre term labor. Methods: Study design: A prospective cross sectional study. Study settings: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National institute of medical science and research,Jaipur,Rajasthan. Study
duration: From October 2022 to October 2023. Study population: All the labor cases admitted in OBGY department of National institute of medical science and research,Jaipur,Rajasthan were included in the study. Sample size: 400. Results: Majority of cases belonged in ≤20 age group e.g 110 (27.5%) followed by 30-34 years age group 94 (23.5%), above 35 age group 80 (20%),68(17%) and 48 (12%) cases was found in 25-29 and 21-24 age group respectively. most common risk factor was PPROM e.g 10 cases, followed by DM 9, Twins 7, age above 35 years 5, age below 20 years 8, HTN 5 and placenta previa 4. Incidence of preterm labor was 12%. Majority of cases suffered from Respiratory Distress syndrome 8 (2%) followed by infection 8 (2%), neonatal jaundice 4 (1%), Hypoglycemia 2 (0.5%), intraventricular hemorrhage 1(0.25%) and Early neonatal death 1(0.25%). When statistical analysis using Chi- square test was done, proportion of preterm with age group was statistically not significant at p < 0.05.
Conclusions: ≤20 age group, age above 35 years, PPROM, HTN, DM, placenta previa, Twins pregnancy were reported as risk factors for preterm labor. Male sex infant were had double risk more likely to be born preterm as compared to female counterparts. Proper control of HTN and DM, early diagnosis and treatment of modifiable risk factors recommended during prenatal and
antenatal care