Comprehensive Assessment of Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Rural Military Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background:Hypertension is a prominent non-communicable disease globally, contributing significantly to cardiovascular disorders, strokes, renal failure, and premature mortality. This study addresses the pressing health concern of hypertension's impact, particularly in the context of a rural military population. Objective:To assess the prevalence of hypertension and patterns of associated cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in individuals serving in the military in a rural setting. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tertiary Medical College Hospital, Sriram Chandra Bhanj Medical College & Hospital, Cuttack, from August 2020 to September 2021. Data were collected from 136 participants using purposive sampling, following JNC-7 criteria for hypertension screening. A mixed-method approach, including qualitative and quantitative techniques, was employed through a predesigned questionnaire. Data were coded and analyzed using R software, incorporating descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The age distribution revealed a majority in the 36-55 years group (48.5%). The gender distribution favored males, with 10.3% newly detected hypertension cases. Controlled hypertension was observed in 62% of cases. Dyslipidemia was prevalent, with 50.7% having elevated LDL and 58.1% showing reduced HDL. Ischemic heart disease distribution indicated 74.2% with myocardial ischemia.
BMI analysis identified 68 cases as overweight. Diabetes mellitus was present in 61% of participants. Discussion: Comparisons with other studies showed variations in CVD risk factors, emphasizing the influence of demographic and regional factors. Discrepancies in pre-obesity and hypertension prevalence were noted, suggesting the need for tailored interventions. The study highlighted the interconnected nature of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, necessitating comprehensive preventive strategies.
Conclusion: The study suggests that primary preventive measures have been successful in reducing certain risk factors. However, challenges such as pre-obesity and variations in lipid profile and glycemic status call for a reevaluation of medical examination standards. The importance of revising recommendations related to obesity and hypertension, coupled with continuous monitoring, is emphasized for effective disease prevention in this rural military population.