Evaluation of Microalbuminuria as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A CrossSectional Study

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Microalbuminuria has been suggested as a potential marker for CVD risk in these patients. Objective: To evaluate the association between microalbuminuria and CVD in patients with DM attending Medicine and Endocrinology OPD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 300 patients with DM. Patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of microalbuminuria. The prevalence of CVD was compared between the two groups. Logistic regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding factors and determine the strength of the association. Results: Of the 300 patients included, 155 (51.7%) had microalbuminuria. Patients with microalbuminuria had a significantly higher prevalence of CVD compared to those without (58.7% vs. 41.2%, p<0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, duration of DM, and other potential confounders, the presence of microalbuminuria was significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD (OR=2.3, 95% CI:1.53.4). Conclusion: In patients with DM attending Medicine and Endocrinology OPD, microalbuminuria was found to be a significant predictor of CVD. Routine evaluation of microalbuminuria could aid in identifying high-risk individuals and guiding preventive measures.