Identification of various maternal factors that lead to poor fetal outcome

Abstract

Background: The present study was conducted for identification of various maternal factors that lead to poor fetal outcome.
Materials & methods: 216 patients (108 control & 108 cases) admitted in BMC Sagar who were satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study were enrolled conveniently after their written informed consent. For Cases, patients of High-risk pregnancy (PIH, Pre Eclampsia, Eclampsia, Severe Anaemia, Placenta Previa, Placenta Abruptio, Gestational Diabetes, Twin Pregnancy, Precious Pregnancy, Pregnancy with Thyroid disease) were enrolled. For controls, Primigravida & Multigravida subjects with no risk pregnancy were enrolled. Qualitative data was analyzed and explained as frequency and percentage. Bar charts and pie charts are used to explain frequency and percentage. Appropriate statistical tests were applied (Yate‟s Chi-Square test).
Results: Out of 108 (high-risk) cases, 75 (34%) patients delivered healthy babies, 16 (7% ) patients delivered preterm babies, 08 (3%) delivered IUGR babies, and 09 (4%) delivered IUFD. Out of 35 Anemic cases, 32 (91%) patients delivered healthy babies, 2 (5.7%) patients delivered preterm babies, none of the patients delivered an IUGR baby, and 01 (2.8%) delivered IUFD. Out of cases 6 gestational HTN, 6(100%) patients delivered healthy babies, none of the patients delivered preterm babies, none of the patients delivered IUGR babies, and none of the patients delivered IUFD. Out of 18 severe Pre Eclampsia cases, 9(50%) patients delivered healthy babies, 3(16%). patients delivered preterm babies, 04(22%) delivered IUGR babies, and 02(11.1%) delivered IUFD. Out of 8 Eclampsia cases, 3 (37%) patients delivered healthy babies, and 1 (12.5%) patient. delivered preterm babies, 2 (25%) delivered IUGR babies, and 2 (25%) had delivered IUFD. Out of 8 placenta previa cases, 06 (75%) patients delivered healthy babies, 1(12.5%) patient delivered a preterm baby, none of the patients delivered an IUGR baby, and 01 (12.5% ) patient delivered an IUFD baby. Out of 06 Placenta Abruptio cases, 02 (33.3%) patients delivered healthy babies, 02 (33.3%) patients delivered preterm babies, none of the patients delivered an IUGR baby, and 02 (33.3%) had delivered IUFD.Conclusion: There is a high correlation between high-risk pregnancies and poor perinatal outcomes. All the findings of our study show the importance of the identification of risk factors from the comprehensive medical history of women in early pregnancy. Based on the identification of risk factors, the screening should begin early to detect and treat the condition before it endangers the survival of the mother and fetus