A STUDY OF SERUM MAGNESIUM IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS CORRELATION WITH GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND DIABETIC MICROVASCULAR CHANGES

Abstract

Background- According to the International Diabetes Federation’s (IDF) Sixth Diabetes  Atlas, there were more than twice as many instances of diabetes in India in 2013 as there were in 2000, with an estimated 65.1 million cases. The fact that Indians have T2DM at an earlier age than western cultures is quite concerning. Diabetes also develops in along with the little weight increase. Patients with diabetes frequently lack magnesium; 25–39% of diabetics have low blood magnesium levels. There is limited research on estimation
magnesium levels in diabetic individuals with poor glycaemic control, and its impact on microvascular complications. Hence, we performed this study to correlated the serum magnesium levels with HbA1c and the microvascular complications associated with type II diabetes mellitus.
Methods- This was a case-control study conducted in the department of General medicine in a tertiary care hospital conducted between January 2022 and June 2023. The study included all patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients on basis of ADA 2018 Criteria. NonCritically ill, age >35 years and those consenting for the study.
Results- Majority of the study population belonged to 56-65 years (32.0%). There was a significant negative correlation of Serum Magnesium (mg/dl) with RBS (mg/dl), FBS (mg/dl), PPBS (mg/dl) and HbA1c % with Pearson correlation being -0.513, -0.503, -0.595
and -0.607 respectively. When we correlated the magnesium levels with retinopathy and nephropathy, we observed that there was a significant correlation. (P value < 0.05).
Conclusion- We have observed with this study that there is a significant negative correlation between serum magnesium levels and fasting, postprandial, and HbA1c % blood glucose levels. Patients with low serum magnesium have more severe diabetic retinopathy changes.