A Prospective study on assessment of Epithelial Changes of Gall Bladder in the Gallstone Disease

Abstract

Background: Gallstone disease is a widespread health condition that accounts for about 95% of biliary system diseases globally. The estimated frequency of gallstone disease in India is between 2 and 29%. This illness is seven times more frequent in the north (stone belt) of India than in the south. It seems to have become more common in India during the last several decades. Materials and Procedures: The SCB Medical College and Hospital in Cuttack hosted this prospective research. The research included 100 cholelithiasis patients who were hospitalised and operated on at our hospital, either open or laparoscopically, regardless of age, gender, physique,
or parity. The current investigation found that most patients (46%) had mixed type gallstones. Gallstones were pigmented in 30% of the instances and pure cholesterol in 24% of the cases. Multiple gallstones were found in 58% of the cases studied, with single gallstones being found in 30% of the instances. In the current research, faceted gallstones were found in 32% of the patients,
followed by irregular gallstones in 29% of the cases, and round gallstones in 22% of the instances. In 15% of instances, ovoid gallstones are found. Only 5% of the patients had normal mucosa. As previously stated, the other patients had various forms of epithelial changes. Themost prevalent epithelial changes found were focally ulcerated changes, which were followed by hyperplastic changes. Atrophic alterations were seen in 9% of the patients. This change, however, was statistically insignificant.
Conclusion: The kind and number of gallstones were not substantially associated to gallbladder epithelial lesions. Histopathological testing is therefore essential in all cases with Cholecystectomy is used to detect hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer.