Evaluation of Growth Status in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A CaseControl Study

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a prevalent condition that can adversely affect a child's growth and development. This study aims to evaluate the growth status of children with CHD compared to healthy controls and identify potential contributing factors to growth impairment in these patients.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 100 children diagnosed with CHD (case group) and 100 age and sex matched healthy children (control group) from a pediatric cardiology clinic and general pediatric clinic, respectively. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were recorded for all participants. Growth parameters were assessed using standard growth charts, and nutritional status was evaluated through dietary intake questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and regression analysis to determine the impact of CHD on growth.
Results: Children with CHD had significantly lower mean weight (16.5 ± 3.2 kg) and height (102.3 ± 8.7 cm) compared to the control group (19.2 ± 3.5 kg and 106.4 ± 9.1 cm, respectively). The mean BMI of the CHD group was also lower (15.8 ± 1.4 kg/m²) compared to controls (17.1 ± 1.6 kg/m²). Regression analysis indicated that severity of CHD, duration of illness and inadequate caloric intake were significant predictors of poor growth outcomes in the CHD group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Children with congenital heart disease exhibit significant growth retardation compared to their healthy peers. The severity of the heart condition and nutritional deficits are critical factors in influencing growth impairment. Early nutritional interventions and regular monitoring are essential to improve growth outcomes in these patients.