Comparative study of oxidative stress and antioxidant status in ischemic and hemorrhagic cases of stroke

Abstract

Introduction
Several attempts have been made to understand the molecular basis of tissue damage in stroke patients. Special attention has been paid to reactive oxygen spices (ROS) which are involved in physiological processes like aging as well as many pathologic states such as atherosclerosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and etc. It is evident from both animal and human studies that the oxidative damage of membrane lipids and cellular proteins increases during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion.
Material and Methods
This is a Prospective, Observational and Single center conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Neurology, Index Medical College Hospital & Research Center. In this study, total 220 subjects were included; of which 110 newly diagnosed ischemic stroke
patients of either sex, who clinically diagnosed in the department of Neurology and 110 newly diagnosed haemorrhagic stroke. After clinical examination and confirmed diagnosis by Physician, 220 patients of either sex, who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria
selected for the study from January 2022 to July 2024.
Results
Patients with ischemic strokes have a higher mean ceruloplasmin level (59.42 mg/dl) compared to those with hemorrhagic strokes (48.31 mg/dl). The standard deviation indicates variability in ceruloplasmin levels, with ischemic stroke patients showing slightly more
variability (6.42) compared to hemorrhagic stroke patients (4.52). Ischemic Stroke: Vitamin C levels are lower, with a mean of 0.89 ± 0.12 mg/L. Hemorrhagic Stroke: Vitamin C levels are higher, with a mean of 1.29 ± 0.23 mg/L. The higher vitamin C levels in hemorrhagic stroke may indicate a better antioxidant status or a different metabolic response to oxidative stress compared to ischemic stroke. Lower vitamin C levels in ischemic stroke could suggest a deficiency in this important antioxidant, which might contribute to increased oxidative damage.
Conclusion
We determined that diabetes mellitus brings an additive oxidative stress load to acute ischemic stroke patients. These patients need to be managed carefully with regard to their poor prognosis. We consider that high TAC levels in diabetic stroke patients render the
antioxidant supplementation useless at least for the acute-phase (24 hours) treatment of stroke.