Alterations in Electrolyte Levels in Full-Term Newborns Post Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice

Abstract

Background:Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia remains a common clinical challenge. Phototherapy is a primary intervention, but its impact on bilirubin and electrolyte levels, as well as its safety profile, needs ongoing evaluation. Objective:To assess the changes in bilirubin and electrolyte levels in neonates undergoing phototherapy and to evaluate its safety profile. Methods:A prospective study involving 100 term neonates subjected to phototherapy. Bilirubin and electrolyte levels were measured at various durations, and adverse effects were monitored.
Results:A significant reduction in total bilirubin was observed, especially beyond 48 hours of phototherapy, from a baseline of 17.5 ± 2.1 mg/dl to 11.0 ± 2.1 mg/dl. Electrolyte assessments post-phototherapy indicated subtle declines, with sodium decreasing from 140 ± 3 mEq/L to 135 ± 4.5 mEq/L after >48 hours. The adverse effect profile was reassuring, with 90% of neonates displaying no negative outcomes, though dehydration was observed in 5% of the cohort.
Conclusion:Phototherapy effectively reduced bilirubin levels in neonates. Concurrently, changes in electrolyte levels anda low incidence of dehydration highlight the need for vigilant monitoring. These insights stress the importance of individualized therapeutic strategies in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia management.