Study On Evaluation Of Risk Factors Associated With Respiratory Distress In Neonates Admitted In Nicu Of Our Teritiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Aim of the study: to find out the incidence and aetiology of respiratory distress in neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study to assess the newborn of less than 28
days of age admitted with respiratory distress (RD) in NICU according to National neonatal perinatal database (NNPD) criteria during a period of 1 year. The incidence was calculated as the number of newborn with respiratory distress per population at risk. The various parameters like obstetric history and clinical profile of newborn were studied. Results and Discussion: The present study intended to find out the risk factors and various etilogies associated with development of RDS in neonates admitted in NICU of our tertiary care
hospital. Out of the total 1220 neonates, 334 neonates fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in our study. We found the incidence of RDS is 27.37%. The frequency of respiratory distress was more in pre term neonates 219 (59.2 %) than term 122 (36.5 %) and post term neonates 14 (4.91%). There was a male preponderance with respect to the sex of baby. One hundred thirty eight (34.73%) patients had
birth weight in the range of 1500-2490 grams, followed by 124 (37.12%) with birth weight of >2500 gram. 180 (53.8%) mothers were G1, 128 (38.32%) were G2, 22 (6.58%) were G3 and 4 (1.19%) were >G3. Out of 334 mothers 102 were booked and 232 were unbooked and also 180 had LSCS and 154 had normal delivery. We evaluated the risk factors associated with respiratory distress we found the most common risk factor was anemia 49.1%, followed by PIH 9.58% and meconium stained aspiration syndrome 8.38%. The aetiology of respiratory distress were respiratory distress syndrome in, followed by sepsis in, perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, pneumonia, TTNB and pneumothorax neonates admitted in NICU with respiratory distress (Table 3). Conclusion: In the present study, we found that the RD was more in pre-term neonates than term and post term neonates. The most common risk factor associated with RDS in mothers is anemia. The most common aetiology of RD was RDS followed by sepsis, perinatal asphyxia, meconium
aspiration and others. A mortality rate was maximum in RDS followed by in perinatal asphyxia, meconium aspiration syndrome, and neonatal sepsis. Respiratory distress is one of the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Early detection and appropriate management is the key to ensure the best outcome in neonates with respiratory distress.