Bilateral Amelia of the Lower Extremities and Caudal Regression Syndrome Overlapping with VACTERL H Association Cases and Review of the Embryological Underpinnings of VACTERL Association

Abstract

This case series presents a rare and complex clinical entity involving VACTERL association overlapping with hydrocephalus, caudal regression syndrome, and bilateral amelia. Three cases of fetuses with multiple congenital anomalies were identified, including hydrocephalus, esophageal atresia, omphalocele, imperforate anus, single umbilical artery, and bilateral lower