The Gut Microbiome and Diabetes Mellitus Associated Obesity: Insights into Metabolic Dysfunction and Therapeutic Targets

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, especially T2DM, is common and depends on eating habits, lack of physical activity and obesity. DM has numerous antecedents, the most notable of which is obesity, which causes metabolic syndrome that reduces insulin sensitivity and leads to deterioration of beta cell functions. New studies on metabolic diseases emphasize that the gut microbiome is of great importance in obesity and DM development. It is estimated that the human gastrointestinal tract contains up to 100 trillion microorganisms,
collectively referred to as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of DM and associated metabolic disorders such as obesity and insulin resistance; If there is a dysregulation, it is called dysbiosis. The aim of this review is to examine the relationship between gut microbiota and DM, with particular emphasis on the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic disorders. In addition, the prospects for using microbiome-specific therapy as additional approaches to the treatment of DM and obesity comorbidities are evaluated. Understanding the impact of the gut microbiome on metabolic health is an essential step toward developing new strategies to reduce the burden of DM and obesity worldwide