Abstract

Background: The process of wound healing is well coordinated and involves a complex interplay of cellular and molecular events. Any interruptions in this process of wound healing may result into complications like delayed wound healing, higher infection rate and impaired tissue regeneration. This further leads to longer hospital stay, dampened quality of life, and higher healthcare expenses. Skin microbiome provides protection from external threats and keeps a robust homeostasis. Surgical procedures disrupts the skin continuity which marks the beginning of process of wound healing. The phases of wound healing are hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Severe wound site infections by endogenous flora and antibiotics resistant pathogens, hinders the process of wound healing. Globally reported rates of surgical site infection varies from 2.5% to 41.9%. Escherichia coli, Staphylococci, and Enterococci are the predominant pathogens identified as causes in postoperative wounds.[1] Surgical site wound care has many challenges with multiple comorbidities and varied wound healing environments. Universal use of antimicrobials as preoperative prophylactic have decreased postoperative wound infections rates. Antibiotic resistance is Achille’s heel in the mechanism of wound healing. Developing the new and efficient antibiotics to combat the resistant pathogens has been stalled because of economic and regulatory measures. This necessitates for the search of the alternative measures like probiotics, bacteriocins, and nanoparticles for combating wound healing obstacles.

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