Abstract

This paper aims at investigating the interconnection of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) to address the problem of delay in the detection and implementation of early control measures. Chronic kidney disease that manifests itself through the progressive reduction of kidney function has become widespread and serves as a cardiovascular risk marker for a considerable part of the population as has been pointed out, CKD is usually identified in patients with hypertension and diabetes. CVD is the main cause of death in patients with CKD, and the cardiovascular events here are much higher than in the general population. The exact relationship between CKD and CVD includes the uremic toxins factors that cause endothelial dysfunction and inflammation as well as vascular calcification. The study brings into focus various screening approaches and discusses biomarkers such as cardiac troponins and NT-proBNP and other imaging methodologies like echocardiographic and coronary artery calcium scoring. The aforementioned drug classes that including ACE inhibitors, ARBs, statins, and SGLT2 inhibitors are mentioned to be used in top with pharmacological approaches while recommending certain dietary changes and other lifestyle changes. However, there are still deficiencies in the managing of CVD in CKD patients and the further research must be done, particularly in the field of early screening, diagnosis and individualized cure for patients. The findings in italics underscore the need for incorporating newer clinical protocols and policies in an effort to enhance the quality of patient care and in the process marginally alter the health care scope.

Description