Abstract

Nano-scale changes to the surface of the implant may alter the implant surface's reactivity. It is stated that in endosseous implants, particularly during the first stages of bone formation, small bone adhesion occurs. The chemical reactivity of most materials appears to change nanoscale changes. Ellingsen has demonstrated the drastic modification of titanium precipitation with sandblasted calcium phosphate by surface treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF), which provides nanotopography-like surfaces. When a pull-off test tested the physical contact of these titanium discs with the bone, adhesion of the bone to the HF-treated titanium surface was obvious.

Description