Abstract

Oral cancer is one of the leading cancer today. The premalignant lesion is a disease or syndrome if left untreated have significantly increased risk to develop cancer. Aim and Objective of the study: The objective of this study is to find out the prevalence of oral cancer and to evaluate clinicopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions at our tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A detailed history-taking including age, sex, complaints and duration of symptoms, site, side etc. and with thorough clinical examination relevant investigations for consistency, diagnosis, benign or malignant was done and appropriate management has been done for these patients. All relevant investigations were done. Biopsy was done under local anaesthesia in the department of Dentistry and the specimen was sent to department of pathology for histopathological examination. Results: We included a total of 200 subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in the age group >1 year and <70 years, who presented oral lesions to our OPD. It is evident from the table 1 78% were males and 22% were females and majority of the subjects (31%) belong to the age group of 41-50 years followed by 51-60 years. We found that 34% had non-neoplastic lesion, 21% had benign lesion, 16% had pre-malignant and 29 % had malignant lesions. Discussion and Conclusion: In our cross-sectional study, we included a total of 200 subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria presenting to our OPD with oral cavity lesions, out of which 78% were males and 22% were females. We evaluated all the subjects for oral cavity lesions with diagnostic biopsy and subjected for HPE. Among these subjects 34% had non-neoplastic lesion, 21% had benign lesion, 16% had pre-malignant and 29 % had malignant lesions. We evaluated the risk factors for oral cancer in our study who had pre-malignant lesions and malignant lesions, the three risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption and tobacco chewing. We found 63.6% past chewers of tobacco, none were having history of current tobacco chewing habits and 48% never had chewed tobacco. We found 28.7% past smokers, 10% were current smokers and 80% were non-smokers. Similarly, we found 31.8% former drinkers of alcohol, none were current drinkers and 68.1% were life time abstainers.

Description