Abstract

The brachial artery is the extension of the axillary artery starting at the lower margin of the teres major muscle and is the major artery of the upper extremity. The brachial artery reaches the cubital fossa and bifurcates into the radial and ulnar artery. Aim: To study the variations in brachial artery in cadavers. Material and Methods: Dissection of the upper limb in dissection hall of anatomy department. Result: Among the 30 cadavers, variations were found in 5 cadavers which includes 4 males and 1female cadaver of age 56 years Male, and 61 years Female, 68 years Male, 64 years Male and 51 years Male. It is noted that Accessory brachial artery was arising from the axillary artery at the lower border of teres major along with main brachial artery in these 5 cadavers accounting for 16.66% variation. Accessory brachial artery was placed superficially and medially, compared to main brachial artery, which was placed deeply and laterally. Conclusion: When undergoing vascular and reconstructive procedures on the arms and forearms, precise understanding of the anatomical variations of the brachial artery's course, branching, bifurcation/termination, the path of its terminal branches, and connection with the surrounding structures is crucial. The brachial artery anatomical changes found in this study are uncommon and have significant clinical implications. The superficial auxiliary ulnar arteries and accessory brachial arteries identified in this study could be misdiagnosed as veins, which could make intravenous medication delivery, venipuncture procedures more difficult, and percutaneous brachial catheterization more difficult. Anatomists, radiologists, orthopaedist vascular surgeons, and plastic surgeons all need to have a thorough understanding of these vascular variances.

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