Abstract

Anus to the mouth, all parts of the digestive tract are susceptible to the widespread gastrointesntal (GI) illnesses. It is possible for diseases to be the only manifestation of self-limiting clinical problems such as diarrhoea, constipation, and stomach pain. On the other hand, some illnesses, like cancer, can be fatal. For a follow-up diagnosis and to continue treating the patient, a biopsy is required.To validate and classify GI illnesses, histopathologic examination should be performed following any surgical procedure. Objectives:The purpose of this study was to identify the different types of lower gastrointestinal tract lesions and the age and sex groups that are most commonly affected. Methodology: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology at Government medical college, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study period was of 5 years from July 2019 to June 2023. The hematoxylin and eosin stain slides of the lesions of the lower GI tract received were studied and the lesions were diagnosed on their histomorphology. According to organ, age and sex, the lesions were categorized. The data were entered in Microso excel and the percentage value was calculated. Results:A total of 112 intestinal specimens were received over the period of 5 years from July 2019 to June 2023. Large intestinal lesions (57.14%) were more common than small intestinal lesions (42.86%). The maximum number of cases were in the age group of 51–60 years, i.e., 35 cases (31%). Male gender was predominant, accounting for 73 cases (65%), and females were 39 cases (35%)., 81 cases (72%) were non-neoplastic and 31 cases (28%) were neoplastic. In our study among malignant lesions moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (9 cases ) was the most common histopathological diagnosis Conclusions This study focuses the role of histopathological identification in early diagnosis of the disease so that the survival rates in such cases will be increased

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