Abstract

COVID-19 is highly transmissible in humans with mild flu-like symptoms, but some patients, especially the elderly and people with underlying diseases, evolve critical condition and rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, multiple organ disorder and death. The rapid viral replication of SARS-COV-2 gives rise to inflammatory response, cellular destruction and induces the release of cytokines and chemokines then activate immune responses, leading to cytokine storms and aggravations. The RT-PCR test remains gold standard as it detect virus nucleic acid but it is time consuming and has a high prevalence of false negative results. Several inflammatory markers have some tracing and detecting accuracy for disease severity and fatality. Para-clinical investigations including laboratory tests and radiologic findings play an important role in early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome and COVID-19. This study aims to explore the evaluation of inflammatory and non-inflammatory parameters in the disease pathogenesis of COVID-19 and assess how their levels vary depending on the severity of the disease. By doing so, it gives clinicians a tool to group patients and predict prognosis and mortality. The inflammatory parameters included Ferritin, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, Interleukin 6 (IL6) and non-inflammatory parameters includes Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, SGOT, SGPT in Covid-19 infected patients. Total subjects were divided in three groups that is control, Group 1 is covid-19 positive patients without comorbidities and Group 2 is covid-19 positive patients with comorbidities. As compared to control Ferritin, LDH, IL6, D-Dimer significantly increased in Group 1 & Group 2, and further as compared with Group 1, these inflammatory parameters significantly elevated in Group 2. As compared to control, Blood Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT statistical not different in Group 1 but when compared with Group -2 these parameters significantly increased. Further as compared to Group 1 Blood Glucose, Urea, Creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT significantly increased in Group 2. As compared to control Total protein and Albumin statistically not different in Group 1 & Group 2, and there was no any statistical difference in the levels of Total protein and albumin in Group 1 and Group 2. This change of levels of parameters is used as an adjunct in clinical practice to guide treatment and admission to Intensive care unit and also it may improve prognosis and decrease the mortality rates.

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