Abstract

The humerus, being the largest bone of the upper limb, relies on a well-established blood supply system for its nourishment and healing processes, particularly in cases of fractures. The presence and characteristics of the nutrient foramen play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of orthopedic surgical interventions and the healing outcome of fractured bones. Understanding the quantitative and qualitative aspects of the nutrient foramen in the humerus is essential for orthopedic surgeons to minimize the risk of vascular injury during surgical procedures and optimize fracture healing. Methods: This analytical observational study examined 160 dry humeri (80 right and 80 left) of unknown genders obtained from the anatomy department of a medical college over a three-year period. Bones with previous damage, healed fractures, congenital anomalies, and significant pathological changes were excluded. The nutrient foramina were identified, and their quantity, position, location, and orientation were examined using magnification. The foraminal index (FI) was calculated to determine the location of the nutrient foramen relative to different segments of the humerus. Osteometric measurements were conducted using appropriate tools, and statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: The majority (91.25%) of humeri exhibited a solitary nutrient foramen, while a small percentage displayed two (3.75%) or three (1.25%) foramina. Most nutrient foramina were located on the anteromedial surface (89.02%) of the humerus, primarily in the middle one-third segment (86.58%). The mean total length of the humerus was approximately 30.11 cm, with the nutrient foramina situated at an average distance of 16.65 cm from the proximal end. The consistent foraminal index (55.53%) indicated a uniform distribution pattern of nutrient foramina along the length of the humerus. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the quantity, orientation, and position of the nutrient foramen in the humerus. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the vascular anatomy of the humerus for orthopedic surgical planning and fracture management. Orthopedic surgeons can use this knowledge to minimize the risk of vascular injury during surgical procedures and optimize fracture healing outcomes, ultimately improving patient care and treatment efficacy.

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