Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health threat, particularly affecting low- and middle-income countries, where it accounts for a significant number of premature deaths. Risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, and sedentary lifestyles contribute to its prevalence. Clinical scoring systems like TIMI, GRACE, and HEART scores, alongside biomarker assessments, aid in the early identification of high-risk individuals, facilitating timely interventions to prevent adverse outcomes. Those with advanced age, prior myocardial infarction (MI), and impaired left ventricular function are at increased risk and may benefit from invasive procedures like coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Early detection and management of CVD risk factors are pivotal for effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study analyzes angiographic characteristics and evaluates the clinical effectiveness of TIMI and GRACE scores in guiding treatment and predicting outcomes for patients with NSTEMI and Unstable Angina. This was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Ahmedabad over one year. The study population comprised inpatient cases diagnosed with Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina. The majority of NSTEMI patients had double vessel disease with left anterior descending artery involvement, while UA patients predominantly had single vessel disease with similar artery involvement. NSTEMI patients had a significantly higher mortality rate (14.55%) compared to UA patients (4.44%). Mortality was higher in males (15.52%) compared to females (2.38%). Male gender and higher TIMI and GRACE scores are associated with increased mortality and decreased discharge rates. Revascularization may be necessary for patients with higher TIMI risk scores to reduce mortality risk.

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