Abstract

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common among adolescents engaged in sports and physical activities, with significant implications for their mobility and long-term joint health. This study explores the injury demographics, risk factors for initial ACL injuries, and the concerning issue of reinjury in adolescents, offering evidence-based recommendations for prevention and rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including adolescents aged 10-19 years with ACL injuries. Demographic information, injury details, risk factors, and reinjury data were collected. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards models were employed. Ethical approval was obtained, and data were de-identified for privacy protection. Results: Adolescents aged 15-19 showed a higher risk of ACL injuries (60%), with males (53.3%) slightly more affected. Soccer (25%) was the most common activity leading to ACL injuries. Knee laxity (OR: 1.76) and neuromuscular imbalances (OR: 1.58-2.45) were significant risk factors for initial ACL injuries. Reinjury rates increased over time, with an incidence rate of 22.8 per 100 person-years at 48 months post-initial injury. Preventive measures, such as neuromuscular training (28% reduction), psychological support (16% reduction), and return-to-sport criteria compliance (33% reduction), played key roles in reducing reinjury rates. Conclusion: This study highlights the unique challenges posed by ACL injuries in the adolescent population. Adolescent athletes should undergo comprehensive neuromuscular training, receive psychological support, and adhere to tailored rehabilitation protocols. Continuous monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach are crucial to reducing the risk of reinjury and improving long-term outcomes for these young athletes.

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