Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent non-communicable disease worldwide, with 422 million people affected, mostly in low- and middle-income countries, and causing 1.5 million deaths annually. The number of individuals with diabetes is projected to increase to 693 million by 2045. Type 1 diabetes is a chronic condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin, while type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production, predominantly in adults. The rising prevalence of diabetes also increases the incidence of systemic complications, such as diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, as well as cardiovascular involvement.

Description