Abstract

According to the WHO report on antimicrobial resistance, in the South East Asia Region 16–68% of E.coli are resistant to Third-generation Cephalosporins (national data) and 20–95% (published data). E.coli resistance to fluroquinolones is 32–64% (national data) and 65–86% (published data). In invasive isolates it is around 20%. Gram negative organisms were identified as per standard protocol by Gram stain, catalase, oxidase, motility, Oxidation-Fermentation test, nitrate reduction, indole, Methyl Red, Voges–Proskauer, citrate, urease, Triple Sugar Iron agar, sugar fermentation and amino acid decarboxylation tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done on Mueller Hinton agar using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method as per CLSI. (58) Gram negative isolates were tested against 9 groups of antibiotics. All the 150 (100%) isolates were resistant to Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin clavulinic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Cefuroxime. 147 (98%) isolates were resistant to Aztreonam 138 (92%) to Cotrimoxazole 134 (89.3%) to Gentamicin, 114 (76%) to Piperacillin tazobactum, 100 (66.7%) to Imipenem and 99 (66%) to Amikacin. Of the 33 urine isolates tested, 17(11.3%) were resistant to Nitrofurantoin and 29 (19.3%) were resistant to Norfloxacin

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