Abstract

Pediatric status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding the clinical profile and short-term outcomes of pediatric SE is crucial for optimal management. This study aims to investigate the clinical profile and short-term outcome of pediatric patients with SE at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records was conducted for pediatric patients diagnosed with SE at Department of Pediatrics, Viswabharathi Medical College, RT Nagar, Penchikalapadu, Kurnool. Demographic characteristics, etiology, seizure characteristics, treatment modalities, and short-term outcomes were analyzed. Statistical methods such as descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 150 pediatric patients with SE were included in the study. The mean age was 8.5 years, and male predominance was observed. Febrile illness was the most common etiology (n = 70, 46.7%), followed by metabolic disturbances (n = 30, 20%), structural abnormalities (n = 25, 16.7%), and genetic factors (n = 15, 10%). Generalized convulsive SE was the predominant seizure type (n = 60, 40%), while focal SE accounted for 40% of cases (n = 60). First-line treatment with intravenous benzodiazepines was administered in 80% of cases. The overall mortality rate was 10%, and 20% of patients had neurological sequelae at discharge. Logistic regression analysis revealed that younger age, prolonged seizure duration, and delayed initiation of treatment were associated with poor short-term outcomes. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the clinical profile and short-term outcomes of pediatric patients with SE at a tertiary care hospital. Febrile illness emerged as the leading cause, underscoring the significance of managing febrile conditions effectively. Early recognition and prompt initiation of treatment are crucial for improved outcomes and reduced neurological sequelae. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these findings and investigate long-term outcomes.

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