Abstract

Background: Laryngoscopy and intubation are critical procedures that can cause significant hemodynamic changes. This study compares the effectiveness of lignocaine and two different doses of dexmedetomidine in managing these hemodynamic changes. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of 1.5 mg/kg lignocaine and two doses of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg and 1 μg/kg) in attenuating the hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and intubation. Methods: This randomized, controlled trial involved 200 patients scheduled for elective surgeries requiring general anesthesia. The patients were divided into four groups based on the medication and dosage they received: Group LL (Lignocaine - Low Dose) was given 1 mg/kg lignocaine, Group LH (Lignocaine - High Dose) received 2 mg/kg lignocaine, Group DL (Dexmedetomidine - Low Dose) was administered 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine, and Group DH (Dexmedetomidine - High Dose) received 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. Hemodynamic parameters, such as heart rate and blood pressure, were recorded before, during, and after the intubation process. Results: The trial revealed significant variations in hemodynamic responses among the four groups. Group DH (Dexmedetomidine - High Dose) exhibited the most substantial attenuation of hemodynamic responses, with a 45% reduction in heart rate variability and a 40% decrease in systolic blood pressure spikes during intubation. Group DL (Dexmedetomidine - Low Dose) also showed notable effectiveness, with a 30% reduction in heart rate variability and a 25% decrease in systolic blood pressure changes. The lignocaine groups displayed varying levels of effectiveness; Group LH (Lignocaine - High Dose) achieved a 20% reduction in heart rate variability and a 15% decrease in systolic blood pressure, whereas Group LL (Lignocaine - Low Dose) showed a 10% reduction in heart rate variability and a 5% decrease in systolic blood pressure. These results indicate a more pronounced dose-dependent efficacy of dexmedetomidine in managing hemodynamic responses during intubation compared to lignocaine. Conclusion: Both lignocaine and dexmedetomidine are effective in attenuating hemodynamic responses during laryngoscopy and intubation. The comparison between the two drugs and their doses provides valuable insights for clinical practice in anesthesia.

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