Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high blood glucose levels and is associated with various health complications. Physical exercise and metformin are commonly used interventions to manage type 2 diabetes. This study was designed to systematically examine the effect of physical exercise and metformin on glycemic control with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass in an adult patient with type 2 diabetes. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 699 participants who were divided into two groups. The 1st group received structured physical exercise, while the 2nd group received metformin therapy. Both interventions were given for the duration of 24 weeks. The outcome was evaluated by measuring weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and lipid profile levels before and after the interventions. The results showed that both interventions were effective in improving glycemic control. However, the structured physical exercise groups showed a statistically significant reduction in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, BMI, and lipid profile parameters when compared to the metformin group. Especially the lipid profile, HDL-cholesterol showed no significant change with the metformin group. These findings suggest that physical exercise and metformin can be effective interventions for managing type 2 diabetes and that physical exercise may be particularly beneficial for improving insulin sensitivity. Additionally, the physical exercise group also showed improvements in cardiovascular fitness and body composition. It can be concluded that this study suggested that structured physical exercise can be an effective alternative therapy to metformin for obese individuals with type 2 diabetes in improving glycemic control & other cardiovascular risk factors. Further studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of these interventions on glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetes. Further study has to be carried out and explore the optimal dose and duration of physical exercise for improving glycemic control and body mass in type 2 diabetics in long term. As well as new drugs and its benefit with physical exercise in combination.

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