Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. These factors have been implicated in the development of respiratory impairments, although the exact mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the influence of MetS and its components on pulmonary function. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 women with MetS (mean age= 52.34±8.56) and 50 age-matched healthy controls (mean age= 48.62 ± 10.48). Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and metabolic parameters were assessed according to standard protocols. Pulmonary function tests were conducted to evaluate ventilatory patterns. Statistical analyses were performed using independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and chi-square tests. Results: Significant differences were observed in socio-demographic characteristics between the MetS and control groups, with a higher prevalence of restrictive and obstructive ventilatory patterns in the MetS group. Pulmonary function variables, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC ratio, were significantly lower in the MetS group compared to controls. Waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and insulin resistance were associated with impaired pulmonary function in individuals with MetS. Conclusion: This study highlights the impact of MetS and its components on pulmonary function in women, with a notable prevalence of ventilatory abnormalities in MetS patients. These findings underscore the importance of addressing metabolic health in the management of respiratory impairments and suggest the need for further longitudinal studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular health.

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