Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a significant health concern in India, characterized as a modern-day epidemic, with the potential to affect multiple organs and lead to various complications. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) represents one of the serious yet often overlooked complications of diabetes. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of CAN in diabetic patients and investigate its correlation with the duration of DM and glycemic control. Materials and Methods: 134 diabetic patients were included based on predetermined criteria. Demographic information, medical history, and clinical examinations were recorded. CAN assessment involved three tests for parasympathetic and two tests for sympathetic function, with patients categorized as normal, early CAN, definite CAN, or severe CAN according to Ewing's criteria. Results: The prevalence of CAN among the study population was 60%. Individuals with CAN exhibited significantly longer durations of diabetes and higher HbA1c levels compared to those with normal cardiac autonomic function. CAN showed a significant association with DM duration and glycemic control, but not with age. CAN patients presented with background retinopathy, various retinopathies, maculopathy and clinical symptoms such as diabetic foot, cataracts, muscle wasting, and tingling. Conclusion: CAN emerges as a prevalent and often asymptomatic consequence of diabetes. Hence, routine screening for CAN is recommended for all diabetic patients to facilitate early detection and intervention.

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