Abstract

The aim of the present study was to describe the accurate rate of infection and specific type of treatment in nephrotic syndrome cases admitted with activity to nephrology unit. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study carried out in the department of Pediatrics, BRD Medical College Gorakhpur U.P. Children of 1-15 years of age who had developed nephrotic syndrome for the first time and fulfilled the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) criteria for diagnosis of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) were enrolled in the study through OPD, nephrology ward and emergency room. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months. 120 patients were included in the study. Results: A total of 120 children between the ages of 1 year to 15 years, diagnosed with NS were taken for the study. Majority of the subjects presented between 5-8 years of age (40%), followed by 9-12 years of age (30%). Among these, 66.66% of children were male and 33.34% were female. The most common presenting symptom was facial puffiness seen in 100% of patients, followed by abdominal distension (90%), pedal edema (80%), oliguria (50%), scrotal edema (40%), fever (33.34%), burning micturition (23.34%), abdominal pain (25%), hematuria (16.66%) and vomiting (13.34%). Most common was observed to be ascites comprising of 63.34% of cases, followed by hypertension (41.66%), respiratory complications like pleural effusion and pneumonia (25%), thromboembolism in 5% of cases and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis seen only in 2.5% of the cases. Of the 120 subjects included in the study, it was noted that 75% of the children presented with first episode of nephrotic syndrome, 20% with infrequent relapses and 5% with frequent relapses. Conclusion: Major infections remain an important complication of nephrotic syndrome in children, especially during relapses. Drug resistant organisms should be considered while treating these infections in children with nephrotic syndrome. Counseling the parents is very important for the prompt management of these children.

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