Abstract

Introduction: Sacrum is a large triangular bone formed by combining 5 sacral vertebrae. It forms the caudal end of the vertebral column and the posterosuperior wall of the pelvic cavity wedged between the 2 innominate bones. The sacral canal is formed by sacral vertebral foramina. Material and methods: A total of 70 dry human sacra of unspecified sex from the Department of Anatomy of K.G.M.U Medical College and hospital over a period of one year between Oct 2020 to September 2021 were included in the studyThe sacrum was grouped into male and female using the formulas based on Sacral Index (SI), Auricular Index (AI) and Curvature Index (CI). Result: The inverted U-shape sacral hiatus was the commonest 32% followed by inverted V 26%. The incidence of sacralization was higher in males (42.5%) than females (13.3%). Lumbarization was observed in 2.5% in males while 3.3 % in female. The level of the apex of SH corresponds to S3 sacral spine in males (50%) and the S4 sacral spine in females (53.8%). The metric parameters of the SH are shown in Table 5. Mean and standard deviations for the values obtained were calculated. Few of the parameters were higher in females compared to males. Conclusion: The morphometric study of sacral hiatus and knowing about anatomical variations of sacral hiatus is significant while administration of caudal epidural anaesthesia and measurements of sacral hiatus may improve its success rate. The method used to detect sacral hiatus using a triangle formed by bony landmarks will help clinicians for giving a safe epidural anaesthesia

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