Abstract

Introduction: Snakebites pose a significant public health challenge globally, with India hosting over 250 venomous snake species. This study focuses on four major venomous land snakes, including the saw-scaled viper, responsible for numerous incidents worldwide. Snakebites result in millions of cases annually, with India reporting a substantial number, though the actual incidence and mortality rates may be underestimated due to traditional treatments in rural areas. Objective: The research aims to evaluate clinical parameters in patients with poisonous snakebites, emphasizing clinical predictors of mortality. Methodology: Conducted at a Medical College and Hospital from January to November 2023, the study involved 432 snakebite patients, with 260 exhibiting envenomation signs. Clinical criteria and treatments were standardized, and patient outcomes were monitored. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 26.0. Results: Among 260 patients, 58 did not survive, resulting in a mortality rate of 22.3%. No significant age or gender differences were observed between survivors and non-survivors. Rural areas accounted for a higher incidence, and September had the peak admission of patients. Lower limbs were predominantly affected (75.8%). Local pain and swelling were common symptoms. Bleeding tendencies, respiratory failure, and shock were associated with higher mortality. Discussion: Mortality rates varied, and factors like delayed hospital arrival, respiratory failure, acute renal failure, severe coagulopathy, and shock were identified as contributors to death. The study highlighted the correlation between mortality and complications such as bleeding tendencies and respiratory failure.

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